refactor(render): build entity instance buffers once per frame

Move instance matrix upload into build_vertices and use a precomputed
instance data map for both shadow and color passes, avoiding duplicate
GPU buffer updates.

include/Cubed/render/model_renderer.hpp

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 
 #include <glm/glm.hpp>
 #include <span>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
 namespace Cubed {
 class Renderer;
 class Camera;
@@ -32,8 +34,9 @@ public:
 
     ModelRender(Renderer& renderer);
 
-    void render_instance(ModelID id, std::span<const InstanceData> instances,
-                         const Camera& camera, bool shadow);
+    void render_instance(ModelID id, size_t sum, const Camera& camera,
+                         bool shadow);
+    void build_vertices(ModelID id, std::span<const InstanceData> instances);
 
 private:
     Renderer& m_renderer;

include/Cubed/render/world_renderer.hpp

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 #pragma once
+#include "Cubed/gameplay/model.hpp"
 #include "Cubed/render/frame_buffer.hpp"
+#include "Cubed/render/model_renderer.hpp"
 #include "Cubed/render/player_renderer.hpp"
 #include "Cubed/render/texture.hpp"
 
 #include <glm/glm.hpp>
 #include <memory>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
 namespace Cubed {
 class Renderer;
 class ClientWorld;
@@ -12,6 +16,8 @@ class TextureManager;
 class Camera;
 class WorldRenderer {
 public:
+    using InstanceDataMap =
+        std::unordered_map<ModelID, std::vector<ModelRender::InstanceData>>;
     struct ParallelLight {
         glm::vec3 sundir; // direction from sun to vertex
         glm::vec3 lightdir;
@@ -128,12 +134,13 @@ private:
 
     void render_world(ClientWorld& world);
 
-    void shadow_map_generate(ClientWorld& world);
+    void shadow_map_generate(ClientWorld& world, const InstanceDataMap& map);
 
     void render_underwater(ClientWorld& world);
     void render_outline(ClientWorld& world);
-    void shadow_entity(ClientWorld& world, const glm::mat4& light_matrix);
-    void render_entity(ClientWorld& world);
+    void shadow_entity(ClientWorld& world, const glm::mat4& light_matrix,
+                       const InstanceDataMap& map);
+    void render_entity(ClientWorld& world, const InstanceDataMap& map);
 
     void render_normal_block(const glm::mat4& model_mat,
                              const glm::mat4& mv_mat, const glm::mat4& norm_mat,
@@ -147,5 +154,6 @@ private:
                                      float angle_step_deg) const;
     glm::vec3 get_smoothed_shadow_lightdir(const glm::vec3& raw_shadow_sundir,
                                            float dt);
+    InstanceDataMap entity_build(ClientWorld& world);
 };
 } // namespace Cubed

src/render/model_renderer.cpp

@@ -17,10 +17,8 @@ float swing_angle(const WalkPose& pose, float speed, float amp_deg) {
 } // namespace
 
 ModelRender::ModelRender(Renderer& renderer) : m_renderer(renderer) {}
-
-void ModelRender::render_instance(ModelID id,
-                                  std::span<const InstanceData> instances,
-                                  const Camera& camera, bool shadow) {
+void ModelRender::build_vertices(ModelID id,
+                                 std::span<const InstanceData> instances) {
     if (instances.empty()) {
         return;
     }
@@ -68,6 +66,12 @@ void ModelRender::render_instance(ModelID id,
     batch.instance_vbo->buffer_sub_data(
         batch.instance_matrices.data(),
         instances.size() * batch.node_count * sizeof(glm::mat4), 0);
+}
+void ModelRender::render_instance(ModelID id, size_t sum, const Camera& camera,
+                                  bool shadow) {
+
+    auto& root = ModelManager::model(id).node;
+    auto& batch = get_batch(id, root);
 
     auto& shader = shadow ? m_renderer.get_shader("depth_model_instance")
                           : m_renderer.get_shader("model_instance");
@@ -83,7 +87,7 @@ void ModelRender::render_instance(ModelID id,
         }
         entry.mesh->vao->bind();
         glDrawElementsInstanced(GL_TRIANGLES, entry.mesh->indices.size(),
-                                GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0, instances.size());
+                                GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0, sum);
     }
 }
 

src/render/world_renderer.cpp

@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@
 namespace Cubed {
 
 namespace {
-std::unordered_map<ModelID, std::vector<ModelRender::InstanceData>>
-get_instances_data_map(ClientWorld& world) {
+WorldRenderer::InstanceDataMap get_instances_data_map(ClientWorld& world) {
     std::unordered_map<ModelID, std::vector<ModelRender::InstanceData>>
         instances_data_map;
     auto& registry = world.entity_manager().get_registry();
@@ -40,6 +39,7 @@ get_instances_data_map(ClientWorld& world) {
     }
     return instances_data_map;
 };
+
 } // namespace
 
 WorldRenderer::WorldRenderer(Renderer& renderer)
@@ -74,13 +74,15 @@ void WorldRenderer::render(ClientWorld& world) {
 
     day_night_calculation(world);
 
+    auto map = entity_build(world);
+
     render_sky(world);
     if (m_shader_on) {
-        shadow_map_generate(world);
+        shadow_map_generate(world, map);
     }
     render_world(world);
     render_outline(world);
-    render_entity(world);
+    render_entity(world, map);
 
     FrameBuffer::unbind();
 
@@ -128,6 +130,14 @@ void WorldRenderer::day_night_calculation(ClientWorld& world) {
     m_ambient_strength = glm::mix(0.45f, 0.25f, day_factor);
 }
 
+WorldRenderer::InstanceDataMap WorldRenderer::entity_build(ClientWorld& world) {
+    auto instances_data_map = get_instances_data_map(world);
+    for (auto& [id, data] : instances_data_map) {
+        m_renderer.model_renderer().build_vertices(id, data);
+    }
+    return instances_data_map;
+}
+
 void WorldRenderer::render_sky(ClientWorld& world) {
 
     auto& camera = world.world_scene().camera();
@@ -321,16 +331,16 @@ void WorldRenderer::render_outline(ClientWorld& world) {
 }
 
 void WorldRenderer::shadow_entity(ClientWorld& world,
-                                  const glm::mat4& light_matrix) {
+                                  const glm::mat4& light_matrix,
+                                  const InstanceDataMap& map) {
     glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
     {
         auto& shader = m_renderer.get_shader("depth_model_instance");
         shader.use();
         shader.set_loc("lightSpaceMatrix", light_matrix);
-        auto instances_data_map = get_instances_data_map(world);
-        for (auto& [id, data] : instances_data_map) {
+        for (auto& [id, data] : map) {
             m_renderer.model_renderer().render_instance(
-                id, data, world.world_scene().camera(), true);
+                id, data.size(), world.world_scene().camera(), true);
         }
     }
 
@@ -342,7 +352,8 @@ void WorldRenderer::shadow_entity(ClientWorld& world,
     }
 }
 
-void WorldRenderer::shadow_map_generate(ClientWorld& world) {
+void WorldRenderer::shadow_map_generate(ClientWorld& world,
+                                        const InstanceDataMap& map) {
     float texels_per_unit = 0.0f;
     const auto& lightdir = m_parallel_light.lightdir;
 
@@ -445,7 +456,7 @@ void WorldRenderer::shadow_map_generate(ClientWorld& world) {
         }
     }
 
-    shadow_entity(world, light_space_matrix);
+    shadow_entity(world, light_space_matrix, map);
 }
 
 void WorldRenderer::render_underwater(ClientWorld& world) {
@@ -727,7 +738,8 @@ void WorldRenderer::render_transparent_block(const glm::mat4& mv_mat,
     glBindVertexArray(0);
 }
 
-void WorldRenderer::render_entity(ClientWorld& world) {
+void WorldRenderer::render_entity(ClientWorld& world,
+                                  const InstanceDataMap& map) {
 
     // shader.set_loc("renderDistance", m_world.rendering_distance());
     // shader.set_loc("skyColor", m_sky_uniform.sky_top);
@@ -752,10 +764,9 @@ void WorldRenderer::render_entity(ClientWorld& world) {
         model.set_loc("samples", m_samples);
         m_depth_map_texture->bind(0);
 
-        auto instances_data_map = get_instances_data_map(world);
-        for (auto& [id, data] : instances_data_map) {
+        for (auto& [id, data] : map) {
             m_renderer.model_renderer().render_instance(
-                id, data, world.world_scene().camera(), false);
+                id, data.size(), world.world_scene().camera(), false);
         }
     }